Is it OK to only invest in ETFs?
An index ETF-only portfolio can be a straightforward yet flexible investment solution. There are plenty of advantages in using exchange-traded funds (ETFs) to fill gaps in an investment portfolio, and lots of investors mix and match ETFs with mutual funds and individual stocks and bonds in their accounts.
ETFs can be a great investment for long-term investors and those with shorter-term time horizons. They can be especially valuable to beginning investors. That's because they won't require the time, effort, and experience needed to research individual stocks.
ETFs are subject to market fluctuation and the risks of their underlying investments. ETFs are subject to management fees and other expenses. Unlike mutual funds, ETF shares are bought and sold at market price, which may be higher or lower than their NAV, and are not individually redeemed from the fund.
An ETF can guard against volatility (up to a point) if some stocks within the ETF fall. This removal of company-specific risk is the biggest draw for most ETF investors. Another benefit of ETFs is the exposure they can give a portfolio to alternative asset classes, such as commodities, currencies, and real estate.
Key Takeaways. ETFs are less risky than individual stocks because they are diversified funds. Their investors also benefit from very low fees. Still, there are unique risks to some ETFs, including a lack of diversification and tax exposure.
For instance, some ETFs may come with fees, others might stray from the value of the underlying asset, ETFs are not always optimized for taxes, and of course — like any investment — ETFs also come with risk.
SPY, VOO and IVV are among the most popular S&P 500 ETFs. These three S&P 500 ETFs are quite similar, but may sometimes diverge in terms of costs or daily returns. Investors generally only need one S&P 500 ETF.
Leveraged ETF prices tend to decay over time, and triple leverage will tend to decay at a faster rate than 2x leverage. As a result, they can tend toward zero.
ETFs may close due to lack of investor interest or poor returns. For investors, the easiest way to exit an ETF investment is to sell it on the open market. Liquidation of ETFs is strictly regulated; when an ETF closes, any remaining shareholders will receive a payout based on what they had invested in the ETF.
A single ETF can contain dozens or hundreds of different stocks, or bonds or almost anything else considered an investable asset. Since ETFs are more diversified, they tend to have a lower risk level than stocks.
How long should you hold an ETF?
Similarly, you should consider holding those ETFs with gains past their first anniversary to take advantage of the lower long-term capital gains tax rates. ETFs that invest in currencies, metals, and futures do not follow the general tax rules.
"A newer investor with a modest portfolio may like the ease at which to acquire ETFs (trades like an equity) and the low-cost aspect of the investment. ETFs can provide an easy way to be diversified and as such, the investor may want to have 75% or more of the portfolio in ETFs."
Exchange-traded funds work like this: The fund provider owns the underlying assets, designs a fund to track their performance and then sells shares in that fund to investors. Shareholders own a portion of an ETF, but they don't own the underlying assets in the fund.
Experts agree that for most personal investors, a portfolio comprising 5 to 10 ETFs is perfect in terms of diversification. But the number of ETFs is not what you should be looking at.
The choice comes down to what you value most. If you prefer the flexibility of trading intraday and favor lower expense ratios in most instances, go with ETFs. If you worry about the impact of commissions and spreads, go with mutual funds.
How many ETFs are enough? The answer depends on several factors when deciding how many ETFs you should own. Generally speaking, fewer than 10 ETFs are likely enough to diversify your portfolio, but this will vary depending on your financial goals, ranging from retirement savings to income generation.
ETFs offer advantages over stocks in two situations. First, when the return from stocks in the sector has a narrow dispersion around the mean, an ETF might be the best choice. Second, if you are unable to gain an advantage through knowledge of the company, an ETF is your best choice.
If Vanguard ever did go bankrupt, the funds would not be affected and would simply hire another firm to provide these services.
An ETF with a low risk rating can still lose money. ETFs do not provide any guarantees of future performance. As with any investment, you might not get back the money you invested.
According to our calculations, a $1000 investment made in February 2014 would be worth $5,971.20, or a gain of 497.12%, as of February 5, 2024, and this return excludes dividends but includes price increases. Compare this to the S&P 500's rally of 178.17% and gold's return of 55.50% over the same time frame.
How much would $1000 invested in the S&P 500 in 1980 be worth today?
In 1980, had you invested a mere $1,000 in what went on to become the top-performing stock of S&P 500, then you would be sitting on a cool $1.2 million today.
Symbol | Name | 10 Year Total Returns (As of March 31, 2024) |
---|---|---|
PSI | Invesco Semiconductors ETF | 765.02% |
XSD | SPDR® S&P Semiconductor ETF | 610.79% |
XLK | Technology Select Sector SPDR® ETF | 554.92% |
IYW | iShares US Technology ETF | 542.45% |
ETFs. Investment funds are a strategic option during a recession because they have built-in diversification, minimizing volatility compared to individual stocks. However, the fees can get expensive for certain types of actively managed funds.
If an ETF still has large trading volumes, a price that isn't moving radically up and down with each new trade, and fairly small bid-ask spreads (see the next section), then the market price is likely a better indicator of portfolio's true value than the NAV, and it is safe to proceed with a trade.
Nearly all leveraged ETFs come with a prominent warning in their prospectus: they are not designed for long-term holding. The combination of leverage, market volatility, and an unfavorable sequence of returns can lead to disastrous outcomes.
References
- https://www.nerdwallet.com/reviews/investing/brokers/vanguard
- https://fortune.com/recommends/investing/investing-during-a-recession/
- https://www.fidelity.com/learning-center/investment-products/etf/risks-with-etfs
- https://time.com/personal-finance/article/stocks-vs-etfs/
- https://www.investopedia.com/articles/stocks/09/buying-stock-or-etf.asp
- https://money.usnews.com/investing/articles/best-etfs-to-buy
- https://www.morningstar.com/etfs/etfs-2023-tale-success-failure
- https://www.securities-administrators.ca/investor-tools/understanding-your-investments/etf-facts/
- https://www.barrons.com/articles/why-investors-are-pulling-money-from-vanguards-index-funds-51603390832
- https://www.fidelity.com/learning-center/investment-products/etf/which-is-right-for-you
- https://www.independentvanguardadviser.com/dont-rush-for-the-exit/
- https://curvo.eu/article/etf-risk
- https://www.nerdwallet.com/article/investing/what-is-an-etf
- https://www.foxbusiness.com/personal-finance/etfs-your-portfolio-experts-weigh-in-what-percentage-to-own
- https://www.canstar.com.au/investor-hub/buy-sell-hold-etfs/
- https://finance.yahoo.com/news/invested-1000-p-global-decade-133005715.html
- https://finance.yahoo.com/news/dave-ramsey-avoid-3-things-140017543.html
- https://www.nerdwallet.com/article/investing/sp-500-etfs
- https://www.morningstar.hk/hk/news/119201/four-simple-rules-when-buying-(or-selling)-an-etf.aspx
- https://www.investopedia.com/articles/investing/121515/why-3x-etfs-are-riskier-you-think.asp
- https://www.investopedia.com/why-bond-etfs-go-down-8303231
- https://www.quora.com/Can-a-ETF-price-go-to-zero
- https://www.etfcentral.com/etf-u/guides/how-many-etfs-should-i-own
- https://www.titan.com/articles/etf-drawbacks
- https://www.investopedia.com/articles/exchangetradedfunds/09/etf-out-of-business.asp
- https://www.investopedia.com/articles/exchangetradedfunds/08/etf-taxes-introduction.asp
- https://www.investopedia.com/articles/exchangetradedfunds/11/building-an-etf-portfolio.asp
- https://www.investopedia.com/articles/etfs-mutual-funds/061416/biggest-etf-risks.asp
- https://investor.vanguard.com/investor-resources-education/retirement/income-make-the-most-of-retirement
- https://www.fool.com/the-ascent/buying-stocks/articles/2-reasons-dave-ramsey-is-dead-wrong-about-where-to-invest-your-retirement-money/
- https://www.thestreet.com/etffocus/trade-ideas/the-only-leveraged-etf-that-i-would-buy-hold-long-term
- https://www.fool.com/investing/general/2013/09/21/the-best-performing-stock-on-the-sp-500-since-1980.aspx
- https://www.trackinsight.com/en/education/how-many-etfs-should-you-own
- https://www.investopedia.com/articles/exchangetradedfunds/11/advantages-disadvantages-etfs.asp
- https://www.fool.com/the-ascent/buying-stocks/articles/heres-what-happens-when-you-only-invest-in-sp-500-etfs/
- https://www.fidelity.com/learning-center/investment-products/etf/tax-rules-for-losses-etfs
- https://carlsonschool.umn.edu/sites/carlsonschool.umn.edu/files/inline-files/The_Dark_Side_of_ETFs_and_Index_Funds.pdf
- https://get.ycharts.com/resources/blog/the-10-best-performing-etfs-in-the-last-10-years-ycharts-analysis/